How should EMTs respond to a patient who is actively vomiting?

Placing the patient in a lateral position is the best response when dealing with a patient who is actively vomiting. This position minimizes the risk of aspiration, which can occur if the patient inhales vomit into their lungs. By positioning the patient on their side, the airway is more protected, and any fluid that is expelled can drain away from the airway instead of pooling in the throat, thus helping to prevent serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

The lateral position also allows for easier breathing and a more comfortable experience for the patient, as well as the potential for the EMT or healthcare provider to provide further assistance or monitoring without compromising the patient's safety. This positioning is especially critical because not only does it protect their airway, but it also allows for better observation of the patient's condition as they recover from nausea or vomiting.

In contrast, other responses do not address the immediate needs of the patient appropriately. For example, leaving the patient alone does not ensure their safety or allow for proper monitoring. Administering anti-nausea medication right away may not be effective until the cause of vomiting is understood, and tilting the head back can exacerbate the risk of aspiration. Therefore, lateral positioning is the most appropriate action for EMTs in this scenario.