What is the first step when assessing an unconscious patient?

The first step when assessing an unconscious patient is to check for responsiveness and ensure the airway is clear. This is critical in any emergency situation, particularly with an unconscious patient, because responsiveness helps determine the patient's level of consciousness and guides subsequent actions. Ensuring the airway is clear addresses one of the most immediate and life-threatening concerns, as an obstructed airway can lead to hypoxia and potentially fatal consequences.

By checking responsiveness, you assess whether the patient can be roused or if they are unresponsive, which is vital for making decisions about further interventions, such as calling for advanced care or beginning CPR if necessary. Confirming that the airway is clear allows for optimal breathing and oxygenation, which is essential for the patient's survival. Without addressing these two factors, you cannot effectively manage the patient's condition or prioritize care appropriately.